Magento Architecture Overview
Magento follows a modular MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture. It uses a component-based structure with clear separation of logic, presentation, and database handling, making the platform highly flexible and scalable.
Magento 2 Folder Structure Explained
- Understanding the Magento 2 directory structure is critical. Key folders include app, vendor, pub, and lib. These contain modules, themes, public assets, and core libraries used during development.
Custom Module
Custom Module
Modules in Magento 2 are used to extend or customize functionalities. A basic module includes files like registration.php, module.xml, and class files that define logic. This forms the base for custom features.
- Magento development involves building, customizing, and maintaining eCommerce websites using the Magento framework.
- Developers use PHP, XML, and MySQL along with Magento's own architecture and components.
Dependency Injection (DI) in Magento
Magento uses dependency injection to manage class dependencies and promote clean code architecture. Services are injected through constructors rather than being created manually, improving testability and performance.
- Magento development involves building, customizing, and maintaining eCommerce websites using the Magento framework.
- Developers use PHP, XML, and MySQL along with Magento's own architecture and components.
Working with Controllers and Routers
Controllers handle incoming HTTP requests and return responses. In Magento, routers map URLs to specific controller actions. Developers define custom routes in routes.xml to build custom pages or APIs.
- Magento development involves building, customizing, and maintaining eCommerce websites using the Magento framework.
- Developers use PHP, XML, and MySQL along with Magento's own architecture and components.
Using Blocks and Templates
Blocks are PHP classes that pass data from controllers to PHTML (template) files. This helps separate business logic from presentation, maintaining Magento’s MVC structure and improving code maintainability.
Creating and Managing Layout XML
Layout XML files control the structure and layout of Magento pages. Developers use them to define which blocks are shown where and how templates are rendered, without altering core files.
Customizing Product and Category Attributes
Magento allows adding custom attributes to products or categories through code or admin UI. These attributes are useful for filtering, sorting, and displaying custom information in templates.
Magento follows the observer design pattern to allow customization without modifying core code. Developers can listen for system events (like order placement) and execute custom logic in response.
Plugins (also called interceptors) let you modify or extend the behavior of public methods in Magento classes. They can run before, after, or around method calls, offering great flexibility.
You can customize or extend the Magento admin panel by adding new menu items, grids, forms, or dashboards. This allows custom module settings and backend tools to be integrated seamlessly.
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