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Node.js
Node.js is an open-source, server-side runtime environment built on Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine. It enables developers to run JavaScript outside the browser, making it ideal for building scalable backend applications.
Installing Node.js and NPM
To start with Node.js, you install it from the official website or using version managers like nvm. Node.js comes with NPM (Node Package Manager), which is used to install, manage, and share packages.
Key Features and Functionalities:
Why should I use Node.js for my project?
Node.js offers non-blocking I/O, high performance, and scalability—ideal for real-time and data-intensive applications.
How does Node.js handle asynchronous programming?
Node.js uses an event loop and callback functions to execute asynchronous code without blocking the main thread.
What are some common use cases for Node.js?
It’s widely used for chat applications, APIs, IoT solutions, streaming services, and SPAs (single-page applications).
Is Node.js suitable for large-scale applications?
Yes, Node.js is built for scalability and powers large-scale systems like Netflix, LinkedIn, and PayPal
The Benefits of Node.js
Event Loop
The event loop in Node.js handles asynchronous operations. It allows Node.js to perform non-blocking I/O operations—such as reading files or handling HTTP requests—efficiently, making it highly performant.
Modules
Node.js uses CommonJS modules, which allow you to break your code into reusable files. You can import core modules like fs or http, or create custom modules to organize code effectively.
File System
The fs module allows Node.js to interact with the file system. Developers can perform read, write, delete, and append operations on files synchronously or asynchronously.
Web Server
Node.js can be used to create lightweight web servers using the http module. This provides full control over how requests are handled and responses are sent, without requiring external frameworks.
Package.json
The package.json file contains metadata about your project and its dependencies. NPM allows you to install thousands of third-party libraries like express, mongoose, or dotenv to speed up development.
Framework
Express.js is a minimal and flexible Node.js web application framework. It simplifies routing, middleware, request handling, and makes building RESTful APIs quick and scalable.
Middleware in Express.js
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Routing in Express.js
Express offers a robust routing system to handle HTTP requests like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE. Routes help organize the application structure, especially when building APIs.
Working with Databases (MongoDB + Mongoose)
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Node.js commonly uses MongoDB for its non-relational, flexible data structure. Mongoose is an ODM (Object Data Modeling) library that helps interact with MongoDB using models and schemas.
Environment Variables with dotenv
The dotenv package allows you to store configuration data such as API keys and DB credentials in an .env file, keeping sensitive data out of your source code.